Solve x⁴ + 9x³ + 16x² - 36x - 80 = 0
The solutions of x⁴ + 9x³ + 16x² - 36x - 80 = 0 are x = -5, -4, -2, 2.
How to work it out
- 1
A quartic has up to 4 real roots. The rational root theorem says that any integer root of a polynomial with integer coefficients and leading coefficient 1 divides the constant term -80, so the candidates are ±1, ±2, ±4, ±5, ±8, ±10, ±16, ±20, ±40, ±80.
- 2
Test the candidates until one gives 0. x = 2 is a root. Divide by (x − 2) with synthetic division; the bottom row is the quotient and a 0 remainder.
- 3
x = -2 is a root. Divide by (x + 2) with synthetic division; the bottom row is the quotient and a 0 remainder.
- 4
What is left is the quadratic x² + 9x + 20 = 0. Solve it (factoring or the quadratic formula):
- 5
So the polynomial factors as
LaTeX source of the formulas on this page
\[ x^{4} + 9x^{3} + 16x^{2} - 36x - 80 = (x + 5)(x + 4)(x + 2)(x - 2) = 0 \]
\[ x^{4} + 9x^{3} + 16x^{2} - 36x - 80 = 0 \]
\[ \begin{array}{c|ccccc} 2 & 1 & 9 & 16 & -36 & -80 \\ & 0 & 2 & 22 & 76 & 80 \\ \hline & 1 & 11 & 38 & 40 & 0 \end{array} \]
\[ \begin{array}{c|cccc} -2 & 1 & 11 & 38 & 40 \\ & 0 & -2 & -18 & -40 \\ \hline & 1 & 9 & 20 & 0 \end{array} \]
\[ x^{2} + 9x + 20 = 0 \Rightarrow x = -4,\ -5 \]
\[ x^{4} + 9x^{3} + 16x^{2} - 36x - 80 = (x + 5)(x + 4)(x + 2)(x - 2) \]Candidates tested (computed)
| Candidate x | p(x) | Root? |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -90 | no |
| -1 | -36 | no |
| 2 | 0 | root |
Vieta's formulas check the answer (computed)
| Relation | From the roots | From the coefficients |
|---|---|---|
| Sum of the roots | -9 | -9 |
| Product of the roots | -80 | -80 |
Questions
What are the roots of x⁴ + 9x³ + 16x² - 36x - 80 = 0?
The solutions of x⁴ + 9x³ + 16x² - 36x - 80 = 0 are x = -5, -4, -2, 2.
How do you factor x⁴ + 9x³ + 16x² - 36x - 80?
(x + 5)(x + 4)(x + 2)(x − 2).
What is the sum of the roots?
-9 (it equals −9 by Vieta's formulas).